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<mri:MD_Keywords>
<mri:keyword>
<gco:CharacterString>Bighead carp</gco:CharacterString>
</mri:keyword>
<mri:keyword>
<gco:CharacterString>Silver carp</gco:CharacterString>
</mri:keyword>
<mri:keyword>
<gco:CharacterString>environmental DNA</gco:CharacterString>
</mri:keyword>
<mri:keyword>
<gco:CharacterString>eDNA</gco:CharacterString>
</mri:keyword>
<mri:keyword>
<gco:CharacterString>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</gco:CharacterString>
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<mri:keyword>
<gco:CharacterString>USFWS</gco:CharacterString>
</mri:keyword>
<mri:keyword>
<gco:CharacterString>Aquatic Invasive Species</gco:CharacterString>
</mri:keyword>
<mri:keyword>
<gco:CharacterString>AIS</gco:CharacterString>
</mri:keyword>
</mri:MD_Keywords>
</mri:descriptiveKeywords>
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<mco:MD_Constraints>
<mco:useLimitation>
<gco:CharacterString>The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. While the Service makes every reasonable effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of data provided for distribution, it may not have the necessary accuracy or completeness required for every possible intended use. The Service recommends that data users consult the associated metadata record to understand the quality and possible limitations of the data. The Service creates metadata records in accordance with the standards endorsed by the Federal Geographic Data Committee.As a result of the above considerations, the Service gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the data. It is the responsibility of the data user to use the data in a manner consistent with the limitations of geospatial data in general and these data in particular. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the Service, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made regarding the utility of the data on another system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This applies to the use of the data both along and in aggregate with other data and information.Please pay special attention to field comments since some field data did not have results or some samples have been labeled differently due to double samples or other factors.Data Interpretation ConsiderationsA blank sample is a field control sample comprised of a sample tube filled with distilled water prior to field collection. Blanks are not true monitoring samples but are instead a quality control measure used to ensure that contamination is not occurring between samples.A positive eDNA detection result means there was Invasive carp DNA in the water body, which can be from live fish, dead fish, or a secondary vector. Secondary vectors are things like barges, boats, birds, and sewer systems that may potentially transport Invasive carp DNA to the area of detection from somewhere else. A positive eDNA detection does not necessarily mean there were Invasive carp (Bighead and/or Silver carp) present at the time samples were taken.eDNA collection density and strategy in the field has evolved from 2013 to present and has ranged from collecting transects across large areas to targeted, high-density sampling in areas where eDNA can accumulate. Differences in sample collection technique and distribution should be considered when comparing eDNA data across years.The genetic markers used to detect Invasive carp eDNA changed in 2014. In 2015, the detection methods used changed from conventional PCR (cPCR) to quantitative PCR (qPCR). Due to these changes, eDNA detection data prior to 2015 are not the same as eDNA detection data from 2015-present.The process used to concentrate the eDNA from a water sample has changed over time; from filtering samples (2013-2014) to centrifugation (2015-present). Caution should be taken when comparing detections from the two methods together.In 2020, the genetic markers used to detect Invasive carp eDNA changed from single marker qPCR to a multi-marker (multiplex) qPCR reaction, increasing efficiency and consistency.Decontamination of all boats, personal equipment, and nets is standard practice due to the Environmental DNA Calibration study (URL). eDNA detections prior to 2014 should be carefully interpreted because it is very likely that the majority, if not all, of the detections from that time period could have resulted from unintentional cross-contamination or movement of genetic material from downstream carp populations to the CAWs in the absence of live Invasive carp.</gco:CharacterString>
</mco:useLimitation>
</mco:MD_Constraints>
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<lan:LanguageCode codeList="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php" codeListValue="eng">eng</lan:LanguageCode>
</lan:language>
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<lan:CountryCode codeList="http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists.htm" codeListValue="US">US</lan:CountryCode>
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<mrd:MD_Format>
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<gco:CharacterString>Coordinate data is checked using aerial basemaps in ArcGIS Pro 3.5. ArcGIS Field Maps app settings are set to a 30 foot accuracy level. All tabular data is QA/QC by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Collection office identified for each sample point. All summary result data is QA/QC by the Whitney Genetics Lab.</gco:CharacterString>
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</mdq:DQ_MeasureReference>
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<cit:title gco:nilReason="missing">
</cit:title>
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<cit:CI_Date>
<cit:date>
<gco:DateTime>2026-04-14T12:19:33</gco:DateTime>
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</mdq:explanation>
<mdq:pass gco:nilReason="missing">
</mdq:pass>
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</mdq:DQ_ConceptualConsistency>
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<mdq:report>
<mdq:DQ_CompletenessOmission>
<mdq:measure>
<mdq:DQ_MeasureReference>
<mdq:measureDescription>
<gco:CharacterString>This dataset contains the eDNA field data collected by Fish and Wildlife Conservation offices in Regions 3 and 5 of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Please see the Quality Assurance Plan for more information.</gco:CharacterString>
</mdq:measureDescription>
</mdq:DQ_MeasureReference>
</mdq:measure>
<mdq:result>
<mdq:DQ_ConformanceResult>
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<cit:title gco:nilReason="missing">
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<gco:DateTime>2026-04-14T12:19:31</gco:DateTime>
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<cit:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="standards.iso.org/19115/-3/lan/1.0/codelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</cit:CI_DateTypeCode>
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</cit:date>
<cit:date>
<cit:CI_Date>
<cit:date>
<gco:DateTime>2026-04-14T12:19:27</gco:DateTime>
</cit:date>
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<cit:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="standards.iso.org/19115/-3/lan/1.0/codelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</cit:CI_DateTypeCode>
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</cit:CI_Date>
</cit:date>
</cit:CI_Citation>
</mdq:specification>
<mdq:explanation gco:nilReason="missing">
</mdq:explanation>
<mdq:pass gco:nilReason="missing">
</mdq:pass>
</mdq:DQ_ConformanceResult>
</mdq:result>
</mdq:DQ_CompletenessOmission>
</mdq:report>
</mdq:DQ_DataQuality>
</mdb:dataQualityInfo>
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<mrl:statement>
<gco:CharacterString>The data is collected using the ArcGIS Field Maps app with a Bad Elf GPS Pro+ as of 2021 and a pre-configured geodatabase to store the data on ArcGIS Online.  All tabular and coordinate data is QA/QC by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Collection office eDNA Lead identified for each sample point. Once the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Collection office eDNA Lead is finished with the QA/QC process. All tabular and coordinate data is then QA/QC by the eDNA database coordinator before the field data is paired with the eDNA detection data generated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Whitney Genetics Lab. The data is taken from ArcGIS Online and stored in a file geodatabase where the data is then uploaded into the server at the Denver Headquarter office. For further information on data collection and data quality assurance, please see the Quality Assurance Plan at https://www.fws.gov/midwest/fisheries/eDNA/documents/QAPP.pdf. Prior to 2016 all data was collected using paper data sheets and either Garmin GPS units or Fish Finder GPS units (Humminbird, etc) to record coordinate information which was then all converted to and stored in an excel document.</gco:CharacterString>
</mrl:statement>
<mrl:scope>
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<mcc:level>
<mcc:MD_ScopeCode codeList="standards.iso.org/19115/-3/lan/1.0/codelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode" codeListValue="feature">feature</mcc:MD_ScopeCode>
</mcc:level>
</mcc:MD_Scope>
</mrl:scope>
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<mrl:LI_ProcessStep>
<mrl:description>
<gco:CharacterString>The data is collected using the ArcGIS Collector app with a Garmin GLO GNSS Receiver as of 2016 and a pre-configured geodatabase to store the data on ArcGIS Online. All data is QA/QCed by the collection office before the data is taken from ArcGIS Online and stored in a file geodatabase where the data is then uploaded into the server at the Denver Headquarter office. For further information on data collection and data quality assurance, please see the Quality Assurance Plan at https://www.fws.gov/midwest/fisheries/eDNA/documents/QAPP.pdf. Prior to 2016 all data was collected using paper data sheets and either Garmin GPS units or Fish Finder GPS units (Humminbird, etc) to record coordinate information which was then all converted to and stored in an excel document.</gco:CharacterString>
</mrl:description>
<mrl:rationale>
<gco:CharacterString>The ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS Software is used to collect and QA/QC data effectively and efficiently while meeting all quality assurance standards documented in the Region 3 Asian Carp Quality Assurance Plan Document.</gco:CharacterString>
</mrl:rationale>
<mrl:stepDateTime>
<gml:TimeInstant>
<gml:timePosition>2019-11-30T00:00:00</gml:timePosition>
</gml:TimeInstant>
</mrl:stepDateTime>
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<cit:CI_RoleCode codeList="standards.iso.org/19115/-3/lan/1.0/codelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="pointOfContact">pointOfContact</cit:CI_RoleCode>
</cit:role>
<cit:party>
<cit:CI_Organisation>
<cit:name>
<gco:CharacterString>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:name>
<cit:contactInfo>
<cit:CI_Contact>
<cit:phone>
<cit:CI_Telephone>
<cit:number>
<gco:CharacterString>608-783-8412</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:number>
<cit:numberType>
<cit:CI_TelephoneTypeCode codeList="standards.iso.org/19115/-3/lan/1.0/codelists.xml#CI_TelephoneTypeCode" codeListValue="voice">voice</cit:CI_TelephoneTypeCode>
</cit:numberType>
</cit:CI_Telephone>
</cit:phone>
<cit:address>
<cit:CI_Address>
<cit:deliveryPoint>
<gco:CharacterString>555 Lester Avenue</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:deliveryPoint>
<cit:city>
<gco:CharacterString>Onalaska</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:city>
<cit:administrativeArea>
<gco:CharacterString>Wisconsin</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:administrativeArea>
<cit:postalCode>
<gco:CharacterString>54650</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:postalCode>
<cit:country>
<lan:CountryCode codeList="http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists.htm" codeListValue="US">US</lan:CountryCode>
</cit:country>
</cit:CI_Address>
</cit:address>
</cit:CI_Contact>
</cit:contactInfo>
<cit:individual>
<cit:CI_Individual>
<cit:name>
<gco:CharacterString>Jeena Koenig</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:name>
<cit:positionName>
<gco:CharacterString>Fish and Wildlife Biologist</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:positionName>
</cit:CI_Individual>
</cit:individual>
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</mrl:processor>
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</mrl:processStep>
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<mrl:LI_ProcessStep>
<mrl:description>
<gco:CharacterString>Starting in 2020, the Garmin GLO GNSS Receivers have been replaced with the Bad Elf GPS Pro+ GNSS Receiver for data collection in the field.</gco:CharacterString>
</mrl:description>
<mrl:rationale>
<gco:CharacterString>The Garmin GLO GNSS Receivers are not compatible with ArcGIS Survey123 or other platforms making it unusable for other projects.</gco:CharacterString>
</mrl:rationale>
<mrl:stepDateTime>
<gml:TimeInstant>
<gml:timePosition>2020-01-01T00:00:00</gml:timePosition>
</gml:TimeInstant>
</mrl:stepDateTime>
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<cit:CI_Responsibility>
<cit:role>
<cit:CI_RoleCode codeList="standards.iso.org/19115/-3/lan/1.0/codelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="pointOfContact">pointOfContact</cit:CI_RoleCode>
</cit:role>
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<cit:name>
<gco:CharacterString>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:name>
<cit:contactInfo>
<cit:CI_Contact>
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<cit:number>
<gco:CharacterString>608-783-8412</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:number>
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</cit:numberType>
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<cit:deliveryPoint>
<gco:CharacterString>555 Lester Avenue</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:deliveryPoint>
<cit:city>
<gco:CharacterString>Onalaska</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:city>
<cit:administrativeArea>
<gco:CharacterString>Wisconsin</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:administrativeArea>
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<gco:CharacterString>54650</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:postalCode>
<cit:country>
<lan:CountryCode codeList="http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists.htm" codeListValue="US">US</lan:CountryCode>
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</cit:CI_Address>
</cit:address>
</cit:CI_Contact>
</cit:contactInfo>
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<cit:CI_Individual>
<cit:name>
<gco:CharacterString>Jeena Koenig</gco:CharacterString>
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<gco:CharacterString>Fish and Wildlife Biologist</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:positionName>
</cit:CI_Individual>
</cit:individual>
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</mrl:processor>
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<mrl:description>
<gco:CharacterString>The ArcGIS Collector App was replaced by the ArcGIS Field Maps App for Fall sampling in 2021 due to Bluetooth and connection issues with the Bad Elf GPS Pro+ GNSS receivers. This solution was recommended after a series of tests with Esri.</gco:CharacterString>
</mrl:description>
<mrl:rationale>
<gco:CharacterString>The ArcGIS Collector App is no longer compatible with the Bad Elf GPS Pro+.</gco:CharacterString>
</mrl:rationale>
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<gml:TimeInstant>
<gml:timePosition>2021-08-17T00:00:00</gml:timePosition>
</gml:TimeInstant>
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<cit:number>
<gco:CharacterString>608-783-8412</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:number>
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</cit:numberType>
</cit:CI_Telephone>
</cit:phone>
<cit:address>
<cit:CI_Address>
<cit:deliveryPoint>
<gco:CharacterString>555 Lester Avenue</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:deliveryPoint>
<cit:city>
<gco:CharacterString>Onalaska</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:city>
<cit:administrativeArea>
<gco:CharacterString>Wisconsin</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:administrativeArea>
<cit:postalCode>
<gco:CharacterString>54650</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:postalCode>
<cit:country>
<lan:CountryCode codeList="http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists.htm" codeListValue="US">US</lan:CountryCode>
</cit:country>
</cit:CI_Address>
</cit:address>
</cit:CI_Contact>
</cit:contactInfo>
<cit:individual>
<cit:CI_Individual>
<cit:name>
<gco:CharacterString>Jeena Koenig</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:name>
<cit:positionName>
<gco:CharacterString>Fish and Wildlife Biologist</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:positionName>
</cit:CI_Individual>
</cit:individual>
</cit:CI_Organisation>
</cit:party>
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</mrl:processor>
</mrl:LI_ProcessStep>
</mrl:processStep>
<mrl:processStep>
<mrl:LI_ProcessStep>
<mrl:description>
<gco:CharacterString>The state field was updated for the entire database to reflect the U.S. Census Bureau state lines for 2020 (tl_2020_us_state). Each of the samples were selected by each state individually using the select by location tool and setting the relationship to completely within. Any sample location near a state border was manually checked using aerial imagery and the U.S. Census Bureau state line to ensure samples were appropriately classified.</gco:CharacterString>
</mrl:description>
<mrl:rationale>
<gco:CharacterString>To ensure the appropriate state is being used to delineate where each of the samples were collected.</gco:CharacterString>
</mrl:rationale>
<mrl:stepDateTime>
<gml:TimeInstant>
<gml:timePosition>2021-08-17T00:00:00</gml:timePosition>
</gml:TimeInstant>
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<cit:CI_RoleCode codeList="standards.iso.org/19115/-3/lan/1.0/codelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="pointOfContact">pointOfContact</cit:CI_RoleCode>
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<cit:name>
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<cit:CI_Contact>
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<cit:number>
<gco:CharacterString>608-783-8412</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:number>
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</cit:numberType>
</cit:CI_Telephone>
</cit:phone>
<cit:address>
<cit:CI_Address>
<cit:deliveryPoint>
<gco:CharacterString>555 Lester Avenue</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:deliveryPoint>
<cit:city>
<gco:CharacterString>Onalaska</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:city>
<cit:administrativeArea>
<gco:CharacterString>Wisconsin</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:administrativeArea>
<cit:postalCode>
<gco:CharacterString>54650</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:postalCode>
<cit:country>
<lan:CountryCode codeList="http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists.htm" codeListValue="US">US</lan:CountryCode>
</cit:country>
</cit:CI_Address>
</cit:address>
</cit:CI_Contact>
</cit:contactInfo>
<cit:individual>
<cit:CI_Individual>
<cit:name>
<gco:CharacterString>Jeena Koenig</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:name>
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<gco:CharacterString>Fish and Wildlife Biologist</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:positionName>
</cit:CI_Individual>
</cit:individual>
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</mrl:processor>
</mrl:LI_ProcessStep>
</mrl:processStep>
<mrl:processStep>
<mrl:LI_ProcessStep>
<mrl:description>
<gco:CharacterString>The basin field was updated using the USGS NHD National Watershed Boundaries for HUC 2 and HUC 4 to identify which basin each sample was collected in.</gco:CharacterString>
</mrl:description>
<mrl:rationale>
<gco:CharacterString>The basin field was updated to reflect new basins where invasive carp management work is occurring and to ensure the correct basin is identified.</gco:CharacterString>
</mrl:rationale>
<mrl:stepDateTime>
<gml:TimeInstant>
<gml:timePosition>2021-08-17T00:00:00</gml:timePosition>
</gml:TimeInstant>
</mrl:stepDateTime>
<mrl:processor>
<cit:CI_Responsibility>
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<cit:CI_Organisation>
<cit:name>
<gco:CharacterString>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:name>
<cit:contactInfo>
<cit:CI_Contact>
<cit:phone>
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<cit:number>
<gco:CharacterString>608-783-8412</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:number>
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</cit:numberType>
</cit:CI_Telephone>
</cit:phone>
<cit:address>
<cit:CI_Address>
<cit:deliveryPoint>
<gco:CharacterString>555 Lester Avenue</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:deliveryPoint>
<cit:city>
<gco:CharacterString>Onalaska</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:city>
<cit:administrativeArea>
<gco:CharacterString>Wisconsin</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:administrativeArea>
<cit:postalCode>
<gco:CharacterString>54650</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:postalCode>
<cit:country>
<lan:CountryCode codeList="http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists.htm" codeListValue="US">US</lan:CountryCode>
</cit:country>
</cit:CI_Address>
</cit:address>
</cit:CI_Contact>
</cit:contactInfo>
<cit:individual>
<cit:CI_Individual>
<cit:name>
<gco:CharacterString>Jeena Koenig</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:name>
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<gco:CharacterString>Fish and Wildlife Biologist</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:positionName>
</cit:CI_Individual>
</cit:individual>
</cit:CI_Organisation>
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</mrl:processor>
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</mrl:LI_Lineage>
</mdb:resourceLineage>
<mdb:metadataConstraints>
<mco:MD_Constraints>
<mco:useLimitation>
<gco:CharacterString>The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. While the Service makes every reasonable effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of data provided for distribution, it may not have the necessary accuracy or completeness required for every possible intended use. The Service recommends that data users consult the associated metadata record to understand the quality and possible limitations of the data. The Service creates metadata records in accordance with the standards endorsed by the Federal Geographic Data Committee.As a result of the above considerations, the Service gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the data. It is the responsibility of the data user to use the data in a manner consistent with the limitations of geospatial data in general and these data in particular. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the Service, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made regarding the utility of the data on another system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This applies to the use of the data both along and in aggregate with other data and information.Please pay special attention to field comments since some field data did not have results or some samples have been labeled differently due to double samples or other factors.</gco:CharacterString>
</mco:useLimitation>
</mco:MD_Constraints>
</mdb:metadataConstraints>
<mdb:metadataConstraints>
<mco:MD_LegalConstraints>
<mco:useLimitation>
<gco:CharacterString>Disclaimer: Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.</gco:CharacterString>
</mco:useLimitation>
</mco:MD_LegalConstraints>
</mdb:metadataConstraints>
<mdb:metadataMaintenance>
<mmi:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
<mmi:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
<mmi:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="standards.iso.org/19115/-3/lan/1.0/codelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="asNeeded">asNeeded</mmi:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
</mmi:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
<mmi:contact>
<cit:CI_Responsibility>
<cit:role>
<cit:CI_RoleCode codeList="standards.iso.org/19115/-3/lan/1.0/codelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</cit:CI_RoleCode>
</cit:role>
<cit:party>
<cit:CI_Organisation>
<cit:name>
<gco:CharacterString>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:name>
<cit:contactInfo>
<cit:CI_Contact>
<cit:phone>
<cit:CI_Telephone>
<cit:number>
<gco:CharacterString>608-783-8412</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:number>
<cit:numberType>
<cit:CI_TelephoneTypeCode codeList="standards.iso.org/19115/-3/lan/1.0/codelists.xml#CI_TelephoneTypeCode" codeListValue="voice">voice</cit:CI_TelephoneTypeCode>
</cit:numberType>
</cit:CI_Telephone>
</cit:phone>
<cit:address>
<cit:CI_Address>
<cit:deliveryPoint>
<gco:CharacterString>555 Lester Avenue</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:deliveryPoint>
<cit:city>
<gco:CharacterString>Onalaska</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:city>
<cit:administrativeArea>
<gco:CharacterString>Wisconsin</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:administrativeArea>
<cit:postalCode>
<gco:CharacterString>54650</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:postalCode>
<cit:country>
<lan:CountryCode codeList="http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists.htm" codeListValue="US">US</lan:CountryCode>
</cit:country>
</cit:CI_Address>
</cit:address>
</cit:CI_Contact>
</cit:contactInfo>
<cit:individual>
<cit:CI_Individual>
<cit:name>
<gco:CharacterString>Jeena Koenig</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:name>
<cit:positionName>
<gco:CharacterString>Fish and Wildlife Biologist</gco:CharacterString>
</cit:positionName>
</cit:CI_Individual>
</cit:individual>
</cit:CI_Organisation>
</cit:party>
</cit:CI_Responsibility>
</mmi:contact>
</mmi:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
</mdb:metadataMaintenance>
</mdb:MD_Metadata>
