Jason L. Fischer 20250213 vector digital data https://iris.fws.gov/APPS/ServCat/Reference/Profile/178665 Substrates in the Cuyahoga River, OH were mapped to assess the availability of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) spawning habitat and age-0 Lake Sturgeon habitat. Mapping was conducted with a recreational grade side-scan sonar unit from the river mouth at Lake Erie (river kilometer (rkm) 0) to near the confluence of the Little Cuyahoga River (rkm 71). Side-scan sonar images were georectified in a post-processing software and substrate patches were manually digitized and classified in a geographic information system (GIS). Ground-truthing data were collected following side-scan sonar surveys to determine the accuracy of patch classifications. Substrate composition at ground-truthing locations was determined through visual assessments when feasible and assessed with tactile feel when water depth or clarity prevented visual assessment. Substrate patch types classified from side-scan sonar imagery are provided as polygon shapefiles and ground-truthing observations are provided as point shapefiles. Substrates were mapped in the lower 71 river kilometers of the Cuyahoga River to support assessment of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) habitat suitability in the river. Maps were developed to assess Lake Sturgeon habitat suitability, but can also support habitat assessments for other taxa. 20210524 20211001 ground condition Complete None planned -81.7263 -81.5169 41.5068 41.0921 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota inlandWaters None Substrate None Cuyahoga Ohio Lake Erie None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Jason L. Fischer U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fish Biologist mailing and physical

28403 Old North Gibraltar Rd.

Gibraltar Michigan 48173 United States (248) 891-3715 jason_fischer@fws.gov Great Lakes Restoration Initiative This data set was processed and compiled using QGIS Jesse T. McCarter Jason L. Fischer 20241213 model archive https://ecos.fws.gov/ServCat/Reference/Profile/175571 Jason L. Fischer 20250105 software https://github.com/USFWS/groundTruther Substrate patch type classifications are provided as is, to allow users flexibility when accounting for classification accuracy. Substrate composition at ground-truthing points is also provided, allowing users to assess classification accuracy through the groundTruther R package or other methods. Ground-truthing data was QAQC'd to ensure compositions summed to 100 percent and GPS coordinates at ground-truthing points were overlaid on aerial imagery and pre-determined sampling locations to ensure they were within the river channel and near pre-determined sampling locations. Data points with substrate compositions that do not sum to 100 or deviate from the sampling location are flagged in the data. All data fell within expected ranges and locations. The data set is considered complete. Georectified side-scan sonar imagery was overlain on aerial imagery to ensure bank lines and fixed structures (e.g., bridges) were placed correctly. Sections of imagery that poorly aligned with bank lines or fixed structures were not digitized. GPS accuracy was assumed to be 5 m at the time of the side-scan sonar and ground-truthing surveys. Surficial substrates throughout the study area were mapped with a humminbird helix 12 and humminbird 1198. Surveys upriver of the navigation channel (rkm 9-71) were conducted from two kayaks moving downriver at a target speed of 6-9 kph. A sonar unit was mounted to each vessel and attempts were made to keep the vessels spaced equidistance from each other and the river banks to enusre bank-to-bank coverage of the sonar imagery and minimize the number of blind spots (e.g., channel splits and depressions within the channel), however a narrow channel and rapids required vessels to travel single file through several sections of the river. The range of the side-scan sonar was adjusted to maintain bank-to-bank coverage (< 25 m) over the course of the survey. The survey upriver of the navigation channel was conducted from 24-27 May 2021 and timed to coincide with elevated discharges when the majority of the channel was submerged and available to be surveyed. Discharge ranged from 10.6 to 19.8 cubic m/s during the May surveys. Although the surveys were timed to take advantage of higher water levels, several shallow bars prevented complete coverage of the study area, resulting in gaps in the sonar imagery. The survey upriver of the navigation channel was initially conducted with two helix 12 units operating at 1.2 MHz. However, malfunction of one unit on 25 May 2021 resulted in only one unit being used to survey the river that day (rkm 58.5-40). The river section from rkm 40-9 was conducted with a helix 12 unit operating at 1.2 MHz and an 1198 unit operating at 800 Hz. The navigation channel (rkm 0-9) was surveyed on 22 July 2021 with a boat mounted helix 12 unit operating at 1.2 MHz. Because of the greater width of the navigation channel, this section was surveyed in two passes, with the first past progressing upriver approximately 1/4 of the channel width away from the left bank and the second pass progressing downriver approximately 1/4 of the channel width away from the right bank. Swath range was set to 30 m from port and starboard (60 m total) to avoid sound attenuation and lower resolution imagery at larger swath ranges. A 30 m swath range was sufficient to achieve bank-to-bank coverage in two passes. 20210722 Jason Fischer U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fish Biologist mailing and physical

28403 Old North Gibraltar Rd.

Gibraltar Michigan 48173 United States (248) 891-3715 jason_fischer@fws.gov To assess the accuracy of side-scan sonar classifications, ground-truthing data were collected upriver of the navigational channel from 24 August 2021 through 1 October 2021.The surveys were timed to take advantage of low water levels and higher water clarity typical in the fall, to better facilitate visual assessments. Ground-truthing sites were positioned following a systematic sampling design, with transects placed perpendicular to flow every 250 m and three ground-truthing locations spaced equidistance along each transect to obtain substrate composition data 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 along the wetted width of each transect. At each ground-truthing location a bathyviewer was used to obtain a view of the river bottom, with percent composition of the surficial sediment within the viewable area estimated based on the Wentworth scale (i.e., bedrock, boulder, cobble, pebble, gravel, sand, silt/clay; Wentworth 1922). If the bottom was not visible, observers made a note and attempted to classify substrate with tactile feel. A handheld GPS was used to record coordinates at each sample location. Data quality control and assurance began with a full day training, where surveyors became familiar with the methodology and able to consistently describe substrate composition among surveyors. Following data collection the reliability of geographic coordinates was evaluated by overlaying ground-truthing data points on predetermined transect lines and aerial imagery. Ground-truthing points that fell outside of the bank lines or that were not near transect lines were flagged as being potentially unreliable. Lastly, the percent of each substrate type recorded at a location were summed to ensure they added to 100 percent. All data points with substrate compositions were flagged as potential recording errors. Wentworth, C. K. 1922. A Scale of Grade and Class Terms for Clastic Sediments. The Journal of Geology 30(5):377–392. 20211001 Jason Fischer U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fish Biologist mailing and physical

28403 Old North Gibraltar Rd.

Gibraltar Michigan 48173 United States (248) 891-3715 jason_fischer@fws.gov Georectification of side-scan sonar imagery was conducted using automated routines within ReefMaster 2.0 (ReefMaster Software Ltd. 2021). Following georectification, all transects were visually assessed to identify recording errors, locations with missing data (usually due to depths less than the minimum depth required operate the sonar equipment or rapids entraining air in the water column), and excessive vessel turning produced distorted imagery. All errors with low image quality were trimmed and the nidar was removed to avoid classifying areas with poor data quality. Trimmed images were converted to greyscale and saved as raster files to facilitate digitization and classification of substrate patches. Raster files of the sonar imagery were imported into a geographic information system and manually digitized and classified by three trained individuals. Seven substrate types were used to classify the patches, bedrock, boulder, cobble, pebble, sand, silt/clay, and other (e.g., large woody debris, tires, unknown). Silt and clay were pooled into a single patch type due to difficulty distinguishing the two substrate types in the imagery. Similarly, gravel substrates were not classified from the sonar imagery, due to difficulty distinguishing gravel from both sand and pebble in the imagery. When available, overlapping imagery from multiple survey vessels was used to identify substrate types and patch extent, although only a single polygon was drawn to best encompass the two sources. ReefMaster Software Ltd. 2021. Reefmater 2.0. 20221117 Jason Fischer U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fish Biologist mailing and physical

28403 Old North Gibraltar Rd.

Gibraltar Michigan 48173 United States (248) 891-3715 jason_fischer@fws.gov Vector Point Universal Transverse Mercator 17N coordinate pair meters World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) cuyahogaSideScanClassification_17Nov2022.shp Attribute Table Polygon shapefile of substrate patches identified and digitized from side-scan sonar imagery in the Cuyahoga River. Producer Defined FID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Shape type. substrateDominant substrate type identified within a polygonProducer Defined clay/silt <0.004 mm Producer defined large woody debris A subcategory of the other classification, an area where large woody structures are the primary feature visible in the sonar imagery. Producer defined sand 0.004-1 mm Producer defined pebble 16-63 mm Producer defined boulder > 256 mm Producer defined cobble 64-255 mm Producer defined bridge piling A subcategory of the other classification, an area where bridge pilings are the primary feature visible in the sonar imagery. Producer defined unknown A subcategory of the other classification where substrates or features were unable to be identified. Producer defined fish A subcategory of the other classification, an area where fish or a school of fish are the primary feature visible in the sonar imagery. Producer defined other Features that belong to items or structures infrequently observed. Producer defined tires A subcategory of the other classification, an area where tires are the primary feature visible in the sonar imagery. Producer defined bedrock A large continuous slab. Producer defined debris A subcategory of the other classification, an area where multiple items are visible in the imagery. Producer defined classifierInitials of the individual that digitized and classified a patch type.Producer Defined JF Classifier ID Producer defined EA Classifier ID Producer defined CS Classifier ID Producer defined sonarModelThe sonar model(s) that corresponded to the imagery used to digitize and classify substrate types.Producer Defined helix and 1198 Humminbird Helix 12 and 1198 Producer defined 1198 Humminbird 1198 Producer defined helix Humminbird Helix 12 Producer defined sonarNameVessel or name of the sonar unit(s) that corresponded to the imagery used to digitize and classify substrate types.Producer Defined kraken and 1198 Imagery from the Kraken and 1198 units were used to digitize and classify substrate. Producer defined 1198 Imagery from the 1198 unit was used to digitize and classify substrate. Producer defined kraken Imagery from the Kraken unit was used to digitize and classify substrate. Producer defined triploid Imagery from the Triploid unit was used to digitize and classify substrate. Producer defined kraken and nme Imagery from the Kraken and Nme units were used to digitize and classify substrate. Producer defined nme Imagery from the Nme unit was used to digitize and classify substrate. Producer defined area_m2 Area of each polygon Producer Defined 0.0 240321.999 square m notes Observations recorded by the substrate classifier. Producer Defined Observations recorded by the substrate classifier. rkm The river kilometer nearest to the centroid of a polygon. River kilometer 0 corresponds to the river mouth at Lake Erie and river kilometer increases with distance from the river mouth. Producer Defined 2.5 72.5 kilometers 0.5 cuyahogaSubstrateGroundTruth_2021.shp Attribute Table A point shapefile with surficial substrate composition at locations used to ground truth substrate classifications derived from side-scan sonar imagery. Producer Defined FID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Shape type. id Unique id for data point. Producer Defined 3 794 unitless start Date and time data recording began. Producer Defined 8/24/2021 13:25 10/1/2021 14:44 date and time stop Date and time data recording finished. Producer Defined 8/24/2021 14:11 10/1/2021 14:46 date and time transect Transect number, where data was recorded from. Producer Defined 6 257 unitless positionPosition of data point relative to channel cross-section, left and right side of the channel are designated while looking downriver.Producer Defined Left Location was river left of the thalweg. Producer defined Right Location was river right of the thalweg. Producer defined Center Location was near the thalweg. Producer defined bottomVisCould substrate be viewed through a bathyviewer, no if too deep or too turbid.Producer Defined Yes Substrate was visible through a bathyviewer. Producer defined No Substrate was not visible through a bathyviewer. Producer defined bedrock Percent of view in bathyviewer composed of bedrock. Producer Defined 0.0 100.0 percentage boulder Percent of view in bathyviewer composed of boulder. Producer Defined 0.0 100.0 percentage cobble Percent of view in bathyviewer composed of cobble. Producer Defined 0.0 100.0 percentage pebble Percent of view in bathyviewer composed of pebble. Producer Defined 0.0 100.0 percentage gravel Percent of view in bathyviewer composed of gravel. Producer Defined 0.0 100.0 percentage sand Percent of view in bathyviewer composed of sand. Producer Defined 0.0 100.0 percentage siltClay Percent of view in bathyviewer composed of silt or clay. Producer Defined 0.0 100.0 percentage coarseSub: Are cobbles or boulders present, yes or no.Producer Defined << empty cell >> Substrate composition was not recorded, see note field for additional details. Producer defined Yes Cobbles or boulders were present. Producer defined No Cobbles or boulders were not present. Producer defined embeddednePercent embeddedness of cobbles or boulders (if present), 4 classes: 0-25%, 25-50%,50-75%, 75-100%.Producer Defined << empty cell >> Coarse substrates not present. Producer defined <25 Coarse substrates were less than 25% embedded. Producer defined 25-50 Coarse substrates were less than 25-50% embedded. Producer defined 75-100 Coarse substrates were less than 75-100% embedded. Producer defined 50-75 Coarse substrates were less than 50-75% embedded. Producer defined fineVeneerIs a thin layer of fine substrates covering the bottom, yes or no, layer is thin enough to make out shapes of larger substrates (e.g., cobbles), but not so thin a fish could sweep away the fine sediments.Producer Defined << empty cell >> Substrate composition was not recorded, see note field for additional details. Producer defined No A veneer of fine substrates is not present. Producer defined Yes A veneer of fine substrates is present. Producer defined noteCodeCodes used for comments that occur frequently, but not regularly enough to add as another data field.Producer Defined << empty cell >> No note code recorded. Producer defined TEF (tactile estimate by feel [foot or hand]); Tactile estimate by feel [foot or hand]. Producer defined TEP (tactile estimate by paddle/ pole); Tactile estimate by paddle/ pole. Producer defined TM-O (transect moved because of other); Transect moved because of reason other than large woody debris or depth constraints. Producer defined TEP (tactile estimate by paddle/ pole);TEF (tactile estimate by feel [foot or hand]); Tactile estimate by feel and pole or paddle. Producer defined BMS (boulders mixed in substrate); Boulders are present in the surrounding substrates. Producer defined TSMF (thin silt moveable by fish); Veneer of silt present. Producer defined No GPS point; A GPS point was unable to be recorded or was not recorded. Producer defined OS (organic substrate, please note percentage); Organic substrates (e.g., plant materials) are visible within the field of view. Producer defined TEP (tactile estimate by paddle/ pole);TM-D (transect moved because of depth); Transect moved because of depth and substrate composition estimated by tactile feel. Producer defined TM-D (transect moved because of depth);TM-O (transect moved because of other); Transect moved because of depth and other reasons. Producer defined No GPS point;TEP (tactile estimate by paddle/ pole); No GPS point available and substrate composition estimated by tactile feel with pole or paddle. Producer defined No GPS point;BMS (boulders mixed in substrate); No GPS point and boulders are present in the surrounding substrates. Producer defined comments Other comments worth noting. Producer Defined Other comments worth noting. waypoint Waypoint ID recorded. Producer Defined Waypoint ID recorded. recordedLa Latitude in decimal degrees, coordinate system EPSG:4326 WGS 84. Producer Defined 41.11694539 41.4548013 decimal degrees recordedLo Longitude in decimal degrees, coordinate system EPSG:4326 WGS 84. Producer Defined -81.6842821 -81.51147936 decimal degrees validCoordAre coordinates within the channel at the expected position, yes, no, or maybe.Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined yes Coordinates are in the expected location. Producer defined no Coordinates are not in the expected location. Producer defined maybe Unable to determine if coordinates are in the expected location. Producer defined sumTo100If substrate was visible in the bathyviewer, do the percentages of each substrate type sum to 100?Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined yes Sum of substrate percentages equals 100. Producer defined no Sum of substrate percentages does not equal 100. Producer defined qaqcNotes Notes about potential issues and corrections made while QAQCing the data. Producer Defined Notes about potential issues and corrections made while QAQCing the data. latTranCen Latitude based on transect center, coordinate system EPSG:4326 WGS 84. Producer Defined 41.11681 41.45436 decimal degrees longTranCe Longitude based on transect center, coordinate system EPSG:4326 WGS 84. Producer Defined -81.68421 -81.51128 decimal degrees bestCoordAre the recorded coordinates reliable (recorded) or are the assumed coordinates more accurate (assumed).Producer Defined recorded Recorded coordinates are reliable. Producer defined assumed Assumed coordinates are more accurate. Producer defined bestLat The most accurate latitude to use, coordinate system EPSG:4326 WGS 84. Producer Defined 41.11681 41.4548013 decimal degrees bestLong The most accurate longitude to use, coordinate system EPSG:4326 WGS 84. Producer Defined -81.6842821 -81.51147936 decimal degrees rkm The river kilometer nearest to the centroid of a polygon. River kilometer 0 corresponds to the river mouth at Lake Erie and river kilometer increases with distance from the river mouth. Producer Defined 10.4 131.3 kilometers 0.1 Data are provided as shapefiles, with substrate patch classifications derived from side-scan sonar digitized provide as polygons and substrate composition at ground-truthing locations provided as point data. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Jason Fischer Fish Biologist mailing and physical

28403 Old North Gibraltar Rd.

Gibraltar Michigan 48173 United States (248) 891-3715 jason_fischer@fws.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data None 20250129 Jason Fischer U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fish Biologist mailing and physical

28403 Old North Gibraltar Rd.

Gibraltar Michigan 48173 United States (248) 891-3715 jason_fischer@fws.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999